Что такое Тхеравада

Автор Ассаджи, 19:58 15 октября 2012

« назад - далее »

Ассаджи

#20
Цитата: Ассаджи от 19:20 26 октября 2012
Книга под редакцией Питера Скиллинга "How Theravāda is Theravāda? Exploring Buddhist Identities"

Главы из этой книги:

Was Buddhaghosa a Theravādin? Buddhist identity in the Pali commentaries and chronicles
Rupert Gethin

https://www.academia.edu/24142416/Was_Buddhaghosa_a_Therav%C4%81din_Buddhist_identity_in_the_Pali_commentaries_and_chronicles

The Teachings of the Abhayagiri School
L. S. Cousins

https://www.academia.edu/4104205/The_Teachings_of_the_Abhayagiri_School_pp._67_127


Sthavira, Thera and Sthaviravāda in Chinese Buddhist Sources
Max Deeg

https://www.academia.edu/11700859/Sthavira_Thera_and_Sthaviravadin_in_Chinese_Buddhist_Sources

Lineage, Inheritance, and Belonging: Expressions of Monastic Affiliation from Laṅkā
Anne M. Blackburn

https://www.academia.edu/29982809/Lineage_Inheritance_and_Belonging_Expressions_of_Monastic_Affiliation_From_La%E1%B9%85k%C4%81

How Theravada is Theravada - Chapter eight: The Benefits of Ordination according to the Paramatthamangala
Claudio Cicuzza

https://www.academia.edu/3679210/How_Theravada_is_Theravada_-_Chapter_eight_The_Benefits_of_Ordination_according_to_the_Paramatthamangala

Ассаджи

В 8-12 веке в Индии термином "Арья-стхавира никая" называли три шри-ланкийских направления:
- Джетавания;
- Абхаягири-васин;
- Махавихара-васин,

о чем свидетельствует список Винитадевы 8 века:

http://www.safarmer.com/Indo-Eurasian/Nikaya.pdf#page=19

а также список из Варсагра-прччха-сутры 11 века:

http://www.safarmer.com/Indo-Eurasian/Nikaya.pdf#page=22

Об этом же свидетельствует цитирование Вимуттимагги как относящейся к "Арья-стхавира никае" в Санскрит-асанскрита-винишчае Дашабалашримитры, составленной в 12 веке.

Интересно, что к этому времени никакие другие школы, прежде всего - Сарвастивада и Самматия, уже не относятся в списках к "Арья-стхавира", и четко выделяются как самостоятельные школы.

Это можно объяснить тем, что сразу после расколов отколовшиеся группы некоторое время продолжали использовать завоевавшее авторитет название. А затем, получив поддержку, начинали подчеркивать свою самостоятельность и превосходство по отношению к другим группам, под новым названием.

Ассаджи

Буддологи, реконструируя буддизм и историю буддизма, допустили ряд ошибок, и тем самым поспособствовали возникновению ряда распространенных мифов. Один из этих мифов - существование некой "Стхавиравады", от которой будто бы "ответвилась" позднее Тхеравада.

Владимир Кириллович Шохин пишет в своей книге "Школы индийской философии: Период формирования (IV в. до н.э. — II в. н.э.)":

ЦитироватьХотя мы пользуемся терминами стхавиравада и тхеравада и соответственно стхавиравадины и тхеравадины практически как синонимами, мы допускаем то разграничение в их употреблении, при котором учитывается, что о тхеравадинских доктринах и текстах корректнее говорить уже в связи с «ланкийской» стадией стхавиравадинского буддизма, а о стхавиравадинских — также и в связи с историей «учения старцев», еще предшествовавшей кодификации Палийского канона. Мнение ряда буддологов, по которому тхеравада — ответвление стхавиравады — следует считать некорректным.

и с ним трудно не согласиться. Термин "Стхавиравада" - изобретение некоего буддолога начала двадцатого века, полученное санскритизацией слова "Тхеравада". Ни в одном известном санскритском тексте это слово не встречается.

Этот вопрос подробно обсуждался на конференции "H-Buddhism":

https://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-Buddhism&month=0612&week=c&msg=siI5i%2BC/il8JXBV1DW/HFg&user=&pw=
http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-buddhism&month=0612&week=d&msg=%2BfS4L2WmvhEPEuuaEQI9HQ&user=&pw=
http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-buddhism&month=0612&week=d&msg=TxHxLAk5yHB7CL%2BzgCUvTQ&user=&pw=
https://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-Buddhism&month=0612&week=d&msg=cNpOwFTGhXD7KH7xfdq3Lw&user=&pw=

Ассаджи

#23
Эту легенду о Стхавираваде сейчас, судя по всему, подправляют, заменяя термин "Стхавиравада" на "Стхавира никая". Но опять получается аналогичная ошибка санскритизации. В то время, когда откололась Махасангхика, санскрита не существовало. Этот язык был создан и вошел в широкое обращение позже.

В то время продолжали общаться на языке, подобном пали, о чем свидетельствуют надписи:

http://dhamma.ru/forum/index.php?topic=561.msg13473#msg13473

Поэтому "Арья-Стхавира никая" - это позднейшее, санскритизированное название школы Старейшин, которая сейчас называется Тхеравадой.

Ассаджи

Джеф Шац пишет:

The Dīpavaṃsa:

ЦитироватьSeventeen are the schismatic sects, and there is one that is not schismatic; together with that which is not schismatic, they are eighteen in all. That of the Theravādins, which is even like a great banyan tree, is the most excellent: the complete teaching of the Conqueror, free from omissions or admissions.

The Kathāvatthu commentary:

ЦитироватьIn that second century only two schools seceded from the Theravāda: the (1) Mahiṃsāsakas and the (2) Vajjiputtakas.

Now seceding from the Vajjiputtakas four other schools arose: the (3) Dhammuttariyas, the (4) Bhadrayānikas, the (5) Channāgarikas and the (6) Saṃmitiyas. Again, in that second century, seceding from the Mahiṃsāsakas, two schools arose: the (7) Sabbatthivādins and the (8) Dhammaguttikas. Then again, falling off from the Sabbatthivādins, arose the (9) Kassapikas. And the Kassapikas splitting up, the (10) Saṅkantikas came into existence. The Saṅkantikas splitting up, there arose the (11) Suttavādins. Thus, falling off from the Theravādins, arose these eleven schools. These together with the Theravādins were twelve.

Also, the 12th century northern Indian author Daśabalaśrīmitra refers to the Sthaviras and quotes extensively from the Vimuttimagga which he states is the "Āgama of the Ārya-Sthavira-nikāya." And the 19th century Tibetan author Jamgön Kongtrül also mentions the Sthaviras by name and, relying on Vinītadeva's Nikāyabhedopadeśasaṃgraha, also states that the "Jetavanīyas, Abhayagirikas, and Mahāvihārins are the [three] Sthaviras."

http://dhammawheel.com/viewtopic.php?f=29&t=12929&p=210285#p210285

Ассаджи

#25
Досточимый Аналайо тоже написал о термине "Тхеравада":

A Note on the Term Theravāda
Bhikkhu Analayo
Abstract

With the present article I study the trajectory of the term theravāda from its earliest occurrence in the Pāli canon to its present day usage as a designation of the form of Buddhism found in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. My presentation begins with the term theravāda in the Pāli discourses, followed by turning to the Pāli commentaries and chronicles. Next I examine the role of the Pāli canon in the Theravāda tradition and the conception of Theravāda as a monastic lineage, after which I discuss current usage and survey alternative terms.

https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/BSR/article/view/19519

Ассаджи

Цитата: Ассаджи от 11:58 03 февраля 2017
Джеф Шац пишет:

The Dīpavaṃsa:

ЦитироватьSeventeen are the schismatic sects, and there is one that is not schismatic; together with that which is not schismatic, they are eighteen in all. That of the Theravādins, which is even like a great banyan tree, is the most excellent: the complete teaching of the Conqueror, free from omissions or admissions.

The Kathāvatthu commentary:

ЦитироватьIn that second century only two schools seceded from the Theravāda: the (1) Mahiṃsāsakas and the (2) Vajjiputtakas.

Now seceding from the Vajjiputtakas four other schools arose: the (3) Dhammuttariyas, the (4) Bhadrayānikas, the (5) Channāgarikas and the (6) Saṃmitiyas. Again, in that second century, seceding from the Mahiṃsāsakas, two schools arose: the (7) Sabbatthivādins and the (8) Dhammaguttikas. Then again, falling off from the Sabbatthivādins, arose the (9) Kassapikas. And the Kassapikas splitting up, the (10) Saṅkantikas came into existence. The Saṅkantikas splitting up, there arose the (11) Suttavādins. Thus, falling off from the Theravādins, arose these eleven schools. These together with the Theravādins were twelve.

Also, the 12th century northern Indian author Daśabalaśrīmitra refers to the Sthaviras and quotes extensively from the Vimuttimagga which he states is the "Āgama of the Ārya-Sthavira-nikāya." And the 19th century Tibetan author Jamgön Kongtrül also mentions the Sthaviras by name and, relying on Vinītadeva's Nikāyabhedopadeśasaṃgraha, also states that the "Jetavanīyas, Abhayagirikas, and Mahāvihārins are the [three] Sthaviras."

http://dhammawheel.com/viewtopic.php?f=29&t=12929&p=210285#p210285

Руперт Гетин пишет:

The Kathāvatthu-aṭṭhakathā's use of theravāda in the context of different schools of Buddhism seems in fact to be borrowed directly from the Dīpavaṃsa; as we shall see, this usage is also taken up by the Mahāvaṃsa. It is worth noting that even where theravāda is used in the earlier sources in the context of the ancient schools of Buddhism, it is not clear that we should think of precisely theravāda as the name. It is not impossible that the compounded thera itself should be taken as the name of the school, either as the plural 'elders', or as an adjective in the sense of 'belonging to the elders' and qualifying a vāda or nikāya; thera in the expression theravāda might simply be an alternative form of theriya, a term that appears to be used unambiguously in the Mahāvaṃsa to refer to one of the parties in the first division of the Saṅgha after the second council. I make this suggestion on the basis of the way the Kathāvatthu commentary talks of the eighteen ancient schools of Buddhism as ācariya-kula or ācariya-vāda; the list includes the Mahisāsakas and Vajjiputtakas, who are then referred to as the Mahisāsaka-vāda and Vajjiputtaka-vāda, suggesting that vāda is not so much part of the name of the school as simply a term for 'school' or 'tradition', just like nikāya, which is also used here. Also of note in this context is the way in which the subcommentary to the Kathāvatthu commentary explains the Dīpavaṃsa's (V 52) syntactically rather awkward theravādānam uttamo:

ЦитироватьHere thera is specified without any case ending; thera is in the sense of 'that of the elders'. What does it refer to? The tradition (vāda). 'That of the elders is the highest of traditions,' is what is meant.

In other words, we can understand the expression theravāda in the Dīpavaṃsa and Mahāvaṃsa as equivalent to theriya-vāda and as meaning strictly 'the tradition belonging to the elders'; Thera-vāda would simply be an alternative to Theriya-nikāya, although the latter expression seems not to be found in Pali literature. That there is some uncertainty about the use of the full expression theravāda as the proper name of a school is perhaps a minor point. Yet since the expected Sanskrit equivalent sthāviravāda seems not to be found in the ancient sources, it is a point still worth making as it suggests that the Pali sources may not be as out of line with other ancient Indian Buddhist sources in their use of terminology as might otherwise appear. For Buddhist Sanskrit sources, Edgerton cites simply Ārya-Sthāviras (paralleling Ārya-Saṃmatīyas and Ārya-Sarvāstivādas) and Ārya-Sthāvarīya-nikāya. All this suggests that strictly we should think of Pali Thera and Theriya as the proper names of a school, rather than Thera-vāda.

https://www.academia.edu/24142416/Was_Buddhaghosa_a_Therav%C4%81din_Buddhist_identity_in_the_Pali_commentaries_and_chronicles

Ассаджи

Цитата: Ассаджи от 07:48 30 октября 2013
Из Махавамсы:

A then known by the name Mahatissa, who had frequented the families of laymen, was expelled by the brotherhood from our monastery for this fault, the frequenting of lay-families. His disciple, the them who was known as Bahalamassutissa, went in anger to the Abhayagiri (vihãra) and abode there, forming a (separate) faction. And thenceforward these bhikkhus came no more to the Mahavihara: thus did the bhikkhus of the Abhayagiri (viliüra) secede from the Theravada. From the monks of the Abhayagiri -vihara those of the Dakkhina-vihara separated (afterwards); in this wise those bhikkhus (who had seceded) from the adherents of the Theravada were divided into two (groups).

http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/chap033.html

Предыстория из Махавансы:

Цитировать"THAT redaction of the true dhamma, which was arranged at the beginning by the great theras Mahäkassapa and others, is called that of the theras. One and united was the school of the theras in the first hundred years. But afterwards arose other schools of doctrine.' The heretical bhikkhus, subdued by the theras who had held the Second Council, in all ten thousand, founded the school which bears the name Mahasamghika.

From this arose the Gokulika and Ekavyoharika (schools). From the Gokulika arose the Parniatti sect and the Bahulika, from these the Cetiya sect. (Thus) there are six, with the Mahasamghika, and yet two more (groups) parted from the followers of the Thera-doctrine: the Mahimsasaka and the Vajjiputtaka bhikkhus. And there parted from them likewise the Dhammuttariya and the Bhadrayänika bhikkhus, the Chandagarika, the Sammiti and the Vajjiputtiya bhikkhus. From the Mahimsasaka bhikkhus two (groups) parted, the bhikkhus who held by the Sabbattha-school and the Dhammaguttika bhikkhus. From the Sabbattha sect arose the Kassapiya, from these arose the Samkantika bhikkhus, from these last the Sutta sect. These are twelve together with (those of) the Thera-doctrine; thereto are added the six schools named and these together are eighteen.

Thus in the second century arose seventeen schools, and other schools arose afterwards. The Hemavata and the Rajagiriya and likewise the Siddhatthaka, the first Seliya bhikkhus, the other Seliya, and the Vajiriya: these six separated (from the rest) in Jambudipa, the Dhammaruci and the Sagaliya separated (from the rest) in the island of Lanka."

http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/chap005.html

Ассаджи

What is Theravāda?

Only in two discourses, we meet the term of Theravāda. Viz, in the Ariyapariyesana and Saṃgārava Sutta of the Majjhima Nikāya. But, its commentary describes Theravāda as "theravādan'ti thirabhāvavādaṃ" (stable knowledge). Therefore, these two discourses have nothing to do with so called 'Theravāda'.

At the same time, in early Buddhism, we come across the word 'Therā' which consists somewhat relationship with the so called word of 'Theravāda'. In 'Tatiya ovāda' Sutta in Saṃyutta Nikāya, Mahākassapa there says to Buddha "now, it is very difficult to speak to the brethren. They are in a state makes it difficult to speak to them. They are intractable, they pay no deference to instruction" According to this answer of Buddha, 'Therā' means a sort of monk whose behavior is perfect in practices (Vinayānukūla). When we read this sutta more, we meet that thera are the monks who advise the newcomer to the community. And also in Udānapāḷi in Khuddaka Nikāya, we can see a sutta named 'Therā'. There is mentioned about arahant theras such as Sāriputta, Mahāmoggallāna, Mahākassapa, Mahākaccāyana, Mahākoṭṭhita, Mahākappina, Mahācunda, Mahāanuruddha. In the track of this sutta, we can think of that word of 'Thera' has been used for arahant monks or experienced monks in order of blessed one. Further, the work of Theragāthapāḷi can also be taken along with this matter. The monks whom we meet in that work, are highly appreciated in Buddhist literature for their practices in both doctrine and discipline.

Now we should have a clear intention of the word of 'Therā'. As it is mentioned in the discourses and works above, 'Therā' does mean monks who were highly appreciated, experienced and perfect in doctrine and discipline. Subsequently, their views should be Theravāda. It is fair enough to approach that kind of conclusion because first recital was held by those monks who were highly appreciated, experienced and perfect in doctrine and discipline rules. This is why the first council is named 'Theriā' in Mahāvaṃsa. In the first synod, Therās did not like to change any rule of discipline or abolish even minor rules, even though the Buddha had given permission to abolish. So then, there should be a close connection between the word of 'Therā' in early Buddhism and word of 'Theravāda'.

In Mahāvaṃsa, first recital is named as 'Theriā', because the whole recital was held by five hundred arahant monks. The account of first council leads us to think that the term 'Theravāda' did not come to exist in the time of the first council. As a matter of fact, Theravāda came to exist just after the second council, meaning the pure school of Buddhism descending from elder such as Mahākassapa.

Before the second council, the community of Sangha was only a one group. But, after the second council it was divided into two as Theravāda and Mahāsaṃghika. Those who upheld what was recited in the first two councils were Theravādins while remaining monks were Mahāsaṃghika.

In the track of the above details, Theravāda is a school, derived in the second council. 'Therā' does mean 'elders' and 'Vāda' does mean 'views'. Then Theravāda generally means 'views of elders'. Now, let us know why Theravādins assumed their name of Theravāda. It is quite explicit that Theravādins in the second council were continuing view of elders who were present in the first council. They clearly upheld what was recited in the first council and elders' views on the Buddha's doctrine. This should be why they assumed the term of Theravāda (views of elders) themselves.

Theravāda should also mean what was recited in first two councils and elders' views. According to the Vinayatīka (Sāratthadīpanītīka), all Paḷi recited in two councils are said to be Theravāda. And, views or debates of elder monks, led by Mahākassapa thera, are also said to be Theravāda. Then, there may be a question what the views or debates of those elders are. We know about the diplomacy concerning to the minor precepts (Khuddānukuddakasikkhāpadāni) applied by those elder monks, led by Mahākassapa thera in the first synod. In that way, they came to an agreements about the orthodox doctrine and discipline. These are the views and debates of elders. Do only recited doctrine-discipline and elders views or debates mean Theravāda? Not really, Theravāda by now means vast literature and tradition. Theravāda school, assuming their name, officially began in the second council with the split. It has been growing ever since. It is said that there had been eighteen schools by the time of the third council. Those various schools came to exist rendering their own views. While Theravādins protected what they preserved for a long time from the first synod, they fed the view of elders, discarding heterodox of other schools. Consequently, the content of Theravāda literature began to become vast adding more works such as works of Abhidhamma Piṭaka, Commentaries. Vinayaṭṭhakathā , Thūpavaṃsa , Vimativinodanītīkā and sāsanawaṃsa give enough evidence to prove this matter.

Nowadays, in accordance with modern scholars, those doctrine and discipline before the second council are considered to be the early Buddhism and the rest is considered as Theravāda. But this distinction comes to exist when we are talking on early Buddhism and Theravāda. But, as a whole Theravāda means what has been descending from the first synod up to the present era. Especially, Mahāvihāra monks of Ceylon and other monks in the rest Theravādin countries such as Burma, Thailand, Laos made the Theravāda literature vast by composing commentaries, sub commentaries, post canonical works, chronicles and grammar books. It is possible to be a mistrust here how the later compiled thing and early Buddhism can be considered in the same stage. The answer is given in Sumaṃgalaviḷāsinī mentioning four types of matter of Dhamma and Vinaya which refers to way of something can be taken onto stage of the whole Theravāda with the early Buddhism. It is said that elderly monks held three synods in accordance with these four matters and should not be taken anything other than these four matters.

- Sutta- suttas should not be discarded because discarding of suttas mean discarding of Buddha. If there are later compiled suttas such as suttas in Khuddhaka Nikāya, those suttas should be compared with the suttas of the early Buddhism.
- Suttānuloma- those things that are compliant with Suttas. Post canonical works can be included into this category
- Ācariyavāda- Aṭṭhakathās or commentaries should also be taken if those are compared with suttas.
- Attanomati- Attanomathi does mean logically thought notions by each.

Now it should be quite clear what the Theravāda is, how it came to exist, developed and how much it consists as a literature.

https://www.facebook.com/URV680/photos/a.478151432367190.1073741828.478087075706959/504947523020914/?type=3&theater

Ассаджи


Ассаджи

По поводу тхеравадинской Винаи Акира Хиракава пишет:

Цитировать... тхеравадинская Виная не упоминает ступы, несмотря на то, что они находились в пределах границ монастырей Тхеравады в течении столетий. Очевидно, что монахи Тхеравады начали выполнять ритуалы почитания ступ уже после того, как была составлена Виная. В противоположность этому, Винаи Сарвастивадинов и Махасангхиков (T 1435 и 1425) содержат упоминание об изображениях Будды, что указывает на то, что эти две Винаи вероятно были составлены позднее, чем палийская Виная. Таким образом некоторые Винаи, составленные уже после того, как монахи начали поклоняться ступам, включают дискуссии о почитании ступ.

https://webshus.ru/11169

Ассаджи

Согласно тхеравадинским источникам, причиной раскола в Весали были разногласия по Винае:

https://archive.org/details/dpavasaanancien00oldegoog/page/n148

Подробно о расколе написал Ленс Казинз:

The Five Points and the Origins of the Buddhist Schools
L.S. Cousins

https://www.academia.edu/1417357/The_Five_Points_and_the_Origins_of_the_Buddhist_Schools

Ассаджи

Цитата: Ассаджи от 11:18 08 февраля 2017
Досточимый Аналайо тоже написал о термине "Тхеравада", но его статья пока что доступна только платно:

A Note on the Term Theravāda
Bhikkhu Analayo
Abstract

With the present article I study the trajectory of the term theravāda from its earliest occurrence in the Pāli canon to its present day usage as a designation of the form of Buddhism found in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. My presentation begins with the term theravāda in the Pāli discourses, followed by turning to the Pāli commentaries and chronicles. Next I examine the role of the Pāli canon in the Theravāda tradition and the conception of Theravāda as a monastic lineage, after which I discuss current usage and survey alternative terms.

https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/BSR/article/view/19519

Доступ к этой статье уже открыт.

Ассаджи

Другими самоназваниями школы были "тхерия", "тхерия-вада", "тхераванса", "тхера" или "тхерика":

Из Махавансы:

Цитировать3:40cd, thereh' eva katatta ca theriyayam parampara;

Now since the canon was compiled by the theras it was called the Thera tradition.

5:1, ya mahakassapadihi mahatherehi adito, kata saddhammasamgiti theriya ti pavuccati.

THAT redaction of the true dhamma, which was arranged at the beginning by the great theras Mahäkassapa and others, is called that of the theras.

http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/


Building the Theravāda Commentaries
Buddhaghosa and Dhammapāla as Authors, Compilers, Redactors, Editors and Critics
Oskar von Hinüber

ЦитироватьAlthough Buddhaghosa is almost completely silent on himself, he is not so, luckily, on his work. In the introductory verses to his commentaries he gives an outline of his plans to explain the true meaning of the Tipiṭaka.

The overall strategy is to create a systematic survey of the orthodox  teachings  not  contradicting  the  interpretation  of  the  learned monks of the Mahāvihāra:

samayaṃ ­avilomento ­therānaṃ ­theravaṃsadīpānaṃ Mahāvihārādhivāsīnaṃ

Sv 1,21f.*, verse 9

Not contradicting the understanding of the luminaries of the lineage of Elders, those residing in the Mahāvihāra.

How does Buddhaghosa want to achieve this? Two points are of importance. He does not, in his own understanding, act out of his own personal initiative. For, as he states in the nigamanas, he was urged by various monks to compose commentaries on the four nikāyas:

The Thera Dāṭhānāga of the Sumaṅgalapariveṇa asked Buddhaghosa to write the Sumaṅgalavilāsinī on the Dīghanikāya, and this explains the title of this commentary:

āyācito­ Sumaṅgalapariveṇavāsinā­ thiragūṇena­
Dāṭhānāgena ­saṃghatherena ­theriyavaṃsena­


The  commentary  on  the Majjhimanikāya   on  the  other  hand  was  composed at a request by Buddhamitta, those on the Saṃyutta - and Aṅguttaranikāya  by Jotipāla, and the one on the Aṅguttaranikāya commentary in addition by a person named Jīvaka.

Who  were  these  monks,  and  why  did  they  ask?  The  monk  of  the highest rank is Dāṭhānāga who is a Saṃghathera, that is the seniormost of all monks within a certain area, perhaps in Ceylon or at least in Anurādhapura at the time. Although his monastery, the Sumaṅgalapariveṇa is mentioned, and although modern hand - books tend to assert that it was part of the Mahāvihāra, there is no evidence  on  its  location  whatsoever.  Perhaps  it  is  not  by  chance that a high ranking monk invited Buddhaghosa to take up his commentarial work on the very first nikāya, or āgama as Buddhaghosa prefers, and that it is emphasized only here that Dāṭhānāga as the first initiator is a member of the theriyavaṃsa.9

__________________________________________________

9 Similar  compounds  occur  very  rarely  in  late  Theravāda  texts,  e.g., theriyavādānaṃ, Mhv (Cūḷavaṃsa) XLVI. 8. The word theriya is, however, used in the Nāgārjunakoṇḍa inscription at the time of Māḍhariputta Siri Puḷumāvi (ca. 225–240): taṃbapaṃṇidīpapasādakānaṃ ­theriyānam  ( Vogel  1929–1930 [1933]: 22), cf. also Gethin 2012: 1–63, particularly pp. 5 ff.. On South Indian connections of Theravāda cf. also Skilling 2009: 61-93, particularly pp. 70 ff.

https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/view/23450/17206


ON THE VIBHAJJAVĀDINS
The Mahiśāsaka, Dhammaguttaka, Kassapiya and Tambapaṇṇiya branches of the ancient Theriyas
L. S. COUSINS

ЦитироватьIn a passage which occurs in both the Visuddhimagga and in the Abhidhamma Commentary we are told that one who comments [on paṭiccasamuppāda] should do so only after joining the circle of the Vibhajjavādin(s) (Vibhajja-vādi-maṇḍalaṃ otaritvā), without rejecting the teachers, neither departing from his own samaya nor giving rise to another samaya. In the conclusion to the Visuddhimagga Buddhaghosa says that he wrote it at the request of Saṅghapāla, 'a member of the lineage of the Mahāvihāravāsins, illustrious Theriyas (i.e. followers of Theravāda), best of Vibhajja-vādins'. We shall return to this passage later. Likewise, at the conclusion of the Abhidhamma Commentary the author declares he made that commentary 'without departing from the doctrine of the teachers who are pupils of the Vibhajjavādin(s)'.

...

The inscriptional evidence

Inscriptional evidence for the use of the term Vibhajjavādin is limited but crucial. In 1955–56, during the excavation of a monastic site at Nāgārjunakoṇḍa, a stone slab was discovered near the entrance to the stūpa. The slab contained a third century CE inscription (underneath an incised pair of feet with a bodhi tree inrailing to one side), referring to ācariyanaṃ Theriyānaṃ Vibhaja-vādānaṃ Kasmira-Gaṃdhāra-Yavana-Vanavāsa-Taṃbapaṃṇi-dipa-pasādakanaṃ Mahāvihāra-vasinaṃ, i.e. 'to the Theriya teachers,23  followers of the Vibhajjavāda, bringers of faith to the Kashmir, Gandhāra, Bactrian and Vanavāsa peoples and to the island of Ceylon, dwellers in the Mahāvihāra'. It is clear that the epithets are moving from the general to the particular - first the Theravādin/*Sthaviravādin half of the Saṅgha, then the Vibhajjavādin section of the Theravādins, then mention of a particularly noteworthy feature of the Vibhajjavādins and finally the name of the particular branch of the Vibhajjavādins to which they belong.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

23 For Theriya as equivalent to Theravāda/Theravādin, see the concluding verses to Vism; Pj I 78 (cf.98); Mhv III 40; V1; and a number of times in the Cūlavaṃsa: XXXVIII 45; XLI 17; XLII 17; XLIII 30f.; XLVIII 68; LI 16; 61. And for Theriya-vāda: XLII8; XLIV8; 80; XLVI8. Also, the introduction to Vin-vn-pṭ refers to Buddhadatta as Theriya-vaṃsa-dīpa and Sv-pṭ III 372 (vl.) has: catu-mahānikāyesu theriyenā ti attho 'the meaning is: the Theriya among the four chief nikāyas'.



So far, the Pali evidence by itself suggests that the Ceylon school knew that the name 'Vibhajjavādin' referred to the tradition to which it belonged. Although by itself this is perhaps not decisive, when the epigraphic evidence from the mainland is compared with the textual passages, it is conclusive. We have already seen the inscription from Nāgārjunakoṇḍa. That inscription already demonstrates that the Mahāvihāravāsins were Theriyas and Vibhajjavādins. It can be compared directly with the conclusion to Buddhaghosa's Visuddhimagga cited above. The inscription (in a form of Middle Indian relatively close to Pali) reads:

sidhaṃ ācariyanaṃ theriyānaṃ vibhajavādānaṃ kasmiragaṃdhāra-yavanavanavāsataṃbapaṃnidipapasādakanaṃ | mahāvihāravāsinaṃ navagasathusasanaathavyajanavinichayavisaradanaṃ ariyavasa-pavenidharanaṃ | vihāre bhagavato pādasaṃghāḍa|ni|patiṭhapito savasatānaṃ hitasukhathanāya ti. |

In the later standard Pali orthography:

Siddhaṃ! Ācariyānaṃ Theriyānaṃ Vibhajja-vādānaṃ Kasmira-Gandhāra-Yavana-Vanavāsa-Taṃbapaṇṇi-dīpa-pasādakānaṃ Mahā-vihāra-vāsīnaṃ navaṅga-Satthu-sāsana-attha-vyañjana-vinicchaya-visāradānaṃariya-vaṃsa-paveṇidhārānaṃ vihāre Bhagavatopāda-saṃghāṭāni patiṭṭhapitā sabba-sattānaṃ hita-sukh'-atthanāyā ti.

"Success! Decorative slabs of the feet of the Lord have been established with a request for the welfare and happiness of all beings in the monastery of the teachers of the Theriya school, the Vibhajjavādas who were bringers of faith to Kashmir, Gandhāra, Bactria, Vanavāsa and the island of Ceylon, the Mahāvihāravāsins who are skilled in defining both the letter and the spirit of the ninefold teaching of the Master and keepers of the line [of practice] of the four ariya-vaṃsa."

Here is the conclusion to the Visuddhimagga (Vism 711f.):

Vibhajja-vādi-seṭṭhānaṃ Theriyānaṃ yasassinaṃ,
Mahāvihāra-vāsīnaṃ vaṃsa-jassa
vibhāvino,
Bhadanta-Saṅghapālassa suci-sallekha-vuttino,
Vinayâcāra-yuttassa, yuttassa paṭipattiyaṃ,
khanti-soracca-mettâdi-guṇa-bhusita-cetaso,
ajjhesanaṃ gahetvāna, karontena imaṃ mayā
saddhamma-ṭṭhiti-kāmena, yo patto puñña-sañcayo
tassa tejena sabbe pi sukham edhantu pāṇino.

"After being requested [to write the Visuddhimagga] by the insightful Venerable Saṅghapāla, of pure and simple lifestyle, skilled in behaviour according to Vinaya, dedicated to practice, his mind adorned with such qualities as endurance, gentleness and loving-kindness, a member of the lineage of the Mahāvihāravāsins, illustrious Theriyas, best of Vibhajjavādins, I did this, desiring that the saddhamma should last—by the power of the heap of puñña I have obtained, may all living beings gain happiness."

I have highlighted the close similarity of phrasing in the two sources by bold-facing the parallel terms. There seems no doubt that for Buddhaghosa and for the author of this inscription in the third century CE the Mahāvihāravāsins were Vibhajjavādins. This connects directly with the evidence of the literature on the different Buddhist schools.

https://ukabs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bsr18.22001.pdf
http://ojs3.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/14449/16668


ЦитироватьWhile elaborating the phrase satthakatham sabbam theravadam in the Samantapasadika, the Saratthadipani, the sub Commentary on Vinaya, clarifies that it means the Pali canon inclusive of the Commentaries that was determined in the first two Buddhist Councils . The Saratthadipani further observes that the First Buddhist Council is called Therika because it was spearheaded or gave leadership by the great elders like Mahakassapa and that the Buddhist Schools that emerged after the Second Buddhist Council, should be identified as seceded from the Theravada .

http://maytharhla.blogspot.com/2010/12/theravada-tradition-on-proof-of.html



Theriya Networks and the Circulation of the Pali Canon in South Asia: The Vibhajjavādins Reconsidered
Alexander Wynne

Abstract

This article offers further support for Lance Cousins' thesis that the Pāli canon, written down in the first century BCE in Sri Lanka, was based largely on a Theriya manuscript tradition from South India. Attention is also given to some of Cousins' related arguments, in particular, that this textual transmission occurred within a Vibhajjavādin framework; that it occurred in a form of 'proto-Pāli' close to the Standard Epigraphical Prakrit of the first century BCE; and that that distinct Sinhalese nikāyas emerged perhaps as late as the third century CE.

https://journals.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/36762

Ассаджи

Цитата: Ассаджи от 15:43 01 января 2020
Другими самоназваниями школы были "тхерия", "тхерия-вада", "тхераванса", "тхера" или "тхерика":

...

Theriya Networks and the Circulation of the Pali Canon in South Asia: The Vibhajjavādins Reconsidered
Alexander Wynne

Abstract

This article offers further support for Lance Cousins' thesis that the Pāli canon, written down in the first century BCE in Sri Lanka, was based largely on a Theriya manuscript tradition from South India. Attention is also given to some of Cousins' related arguments, in particular, that this textual transmission occurred within a Vibhajjavādin framework; that it occurred in a form of 'proto-Pāli' close to the Standard Epigraphical Prakrit of the first century BCE; and that that distinct Sinhalese nikāyas emerged perhaps as late as the third century CE.

https://journals.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/36762

Русский перевод:

География сообществ тхериев и обращение текстов Палийского канона в Южной Азии в свете переосмысления роли вибхадджавадинов

https://webshus.ru/23864

Ассаджи

Питер Скиллинг

Распространение буддизма тхеравады на материковой части Юго-Восточной Азии

https://webshus.ru/23851