Сложные слова и структура предложений

Автор Ассаджи, 19:45 22 февраля 2009

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Ассаджи

Графическое изображение типов сложных слов.

Справа отображена роль сложных слов в предложении, по диаграммам предложений
http://dhamma.ru/paali/diagram.htm

Подробнее о различении типов сложных слов:
http://dhamma.ru/paali/Pali_compounds.htm

В грамматике Дюрозеля двенадцатая глава посвящена сложным словам:
http://dhamma.ru/paali/duroiselle.pdf

Compound Algorithm:

It can sometimes be difficult to know which type of compound we are dealing with.  Here is an algorithm that can help you to figure out the compound type. When you think that you have found the correct compound, consult the above compound guide to double check:

  1. If the compound is composed only of numbers as members and the first number is larger than the second then it is a dvanda; if the second number is larger then it is a digu.

  2. If the compound starts with a number and is followed by a non-numeral, there are two possibilities.  If the two members would be in the same case if they were to be separated, then the compound is a digu; if the two members would be in different cases, then it is a tappurisa.

  3. If the compound starts with an indeclinable that qualifies a following noun in the compound, and the whole compound is acting as an adverb, the compound is an avyayiibhaava.

  4. For all other compounds, try to determine the case of the last member as well as what the case of the first member would have been, had it not been compounded with the last.

·        If the cases would certainly differ, see 5 below

·        If the cases would certainly be the same, see 6 below

·        If it is impossible to tell for sure, see 7 below

5.  If the cases certainly differ, then it is a tappurisa compound.

6. If the cases would certainly be the same, then it is a kammadhaaraya or a dvanda. A dvanda will have two or more words that don't qualify each other but are simply being added together as with the word "and" between them.  In a kammadhaaraya, however, the first member of the compound will help to qualify the final member.

7. If it is impossible to tell the cases of the parts of the compound, then it may be a tappurisa or kammadhaaraya compound and context and doctrinal familiarity should be your guide to figuring out the solution.  Not all compounds are easily analyzed.

8. If you have a compound that fits the "type" of one of the above compounds but the last member is a noun, or is used as a noun, i.e. is a substantive, but yet this last member is agreeing (case, gender, number) with an external noun as would an adjective, regardless of its normal gender, then you are dealing with a bahubbiihi compound. Such a compound will have an exocentric focus and be "possessed" by an external noun rather than having a relationship to it via simple apposition.

9. If you have a compound that fits the "type" of one of the above compounds but the last member is not a noun, there may still be a chance that it is a bahubbiihi compound if this last member is agreeing (case, gender, number) with an external noun.  In this case, however, despite the exocentric nature of the compound, one will not be able to say that the external referent possesses this compound, but it must be related via a relative clause.

Ассаджи

#1
Последовательность разбора предложений описывает Гленн Уоллис в предисловии к своему учебнику (Introduction: How to Read a Pali Text):

https://store.pariyatti.org/buddhavacana

и досточтимый Дхамманандо:

http://www.dhammawheel.com/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=14281

На русском:

https://dhamma.ru/paali/diagram.htm

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